“Nearly five in ten white families and nine in ten black families endured poverty at some point during the Depression.”

Why was the rate of poverty so high for black families in the 1930s? The version of American history that I learned in high school decades ago never explored this question. In fact, I don’t recall learning much at all about laws in the last century that made things worse … Read More

“Antiracist ideas argue that racist policies are the cause of racial inequities.”

It is easier to blame people for making mistakes than it is to consider the role that policies play in determining outcomes. Ibram X. Kendi writes, “Americans have long been trained to see the deficiencies of people rather than policy” (28). For example, when my book club discussed of … Read More